Search on the Halabja dialect was supported by a n
c) This new eastern Jewish languages display multiple provides: greatest fret (1), transform regarding [Theta] to at least one (4), reinterpretation of verb class as the contour (5), and reflexive pronouns predicated on nos- (17). Talking about areal have and therefore duration the fundamental separate between Halabja towards one-hand and Koy Sanjaq and you may Azerbaijan to the almost every other. This is not clear in which dialect each of them originates, however they are likely borrowed from towards the others rather than passed down in common.
These types of three significant clusters away from isoglosses depict just a little part of your proof and that’s taken to incur on the taxonomy of one’s NENA languages. Hoberman (1988, 573), having fun with proof off pronouns, demonstrates the existence of a north Iraqi dialect category (right here illustrated from the Zakho, Tisqopa, and Aradhin) which can not be seen on the basis of the minimal analysis showed right here. All it takes now’s each other heavier descriptions of the dialects currently recorded, with the intention that more common and you will pinpointing features is obtainable, as well as have field work to help you checklist the many languages which can be with the verge out of extinction.
step 1 Thanks are due to those who contributed studies and you can advice, instance Gene Gragg, Robert Hoberman, and you can Jo Rubba. Age.H. june stipend.
Such as for example, f and g was in fact retained for the terms such as for instance etrog ‘citron’ and you can sefer ‘scroll of law’, where about passed down Aramaic vocabulary f could have feel p and you may g could have gone away
3 Garbell (1964, 100-103) states the audio system off Jewish Azerbaiaic away from Kurdish. Her no. 1 evidence for this ‘s the enunciation off Hebrew mortgage-conditions within dialect. Hebrew loanwords for the Jewish Azerbaijani keep specific musical which were removed or blended with people in the common Neo-Aramaic language. Garbell says that these retentions establish these Hebrew conditions had been borrowed originally during the Kurdish, hence a group of Kurdish sound system later on moved on in order to Neo-Aramaic. It appears more likely the Hebrew elements throughout the dialect don’t be involved in the fresh new voice alterations in matter on account of brand new special religious sign in to which it fall in. They could need altered right after which become restored for the foundation of your traditional pronunciation from nearby organizations.
cuatro An elevated + demonstrates that next keyword try pronounced on the suprasegmental element ’emphasis’ that’s receive to some degree throughout NENA languages. Phonetically, emphasis is actually complex, but its number 1 component are velarization, and is also will triggered by the clear presence of this new emphatic consonants t and s.
eight On dialect regarding Tyari [Theta] have a tendency to gets s. Which dialect, which had been spoken just before 1915 in a community off Hakkari, is not discussed here due to the fact information with it are diminished.
8 It is not obvious whether or not this type is present in the the newest Halabja dialect. My personal informants following that understood they, however, said it had been even more characteristic of the surrounding city of Suleimaniya. In any case, it is unfamiliar throughout the dialect of Jews from Sanandaj.
nine Robert Hoberman implies in my opinion the NENA versions could possibly get have originated an unattested metathesized age[Theta]peel ezdi.
Boyarin, Daniel. 1981. In Bono Homini Donum: Essays within the Historic Linguistics inside the Thoughts from J. Alexander Kerns, ed. Yoel L. Arbeitman and you will Allan Roentgen. Bomhard. Amsterdam Studies from the Idea and you will History of Linguistic Science, series IV. Most recent Items into the Linguistic Theory sixteen. Region II, 613-forty two. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
A query to your Development of the Middle Aramaic Languages
Garbell, Irene. 1964. Flat Conditions and you will Syllables when you look at the Jewish Eastern The fresh Aramaic away from Persian Azerbaijan plus the Continguous Districts (An issue of Multilingualism). During the Training when you look at the Egyptology and Linguistics in honor of H. J. Polotsky, ed. H. B. Rosen, 86-103. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Neighborhood.