Chi-square examination were utilized which have categorical details; ANOVAs were utilized having carried on parameters
To analyze market, health condition, and you can comorbidity differences when considering schizophrenia caregivers, and you may low-caregiver regulation, and between schizophrenia caregivers, or any other caregivers, bivariate analyses was basically performed.
Covariates indexed over (demographics and you may wellness properties) was indeed registered towards the an individual logistic regression model so you’re able to predict delivering proper care to help you a grown-up patient that have schizophrenia against. perhaps not providing care. Other independent logistic regression design is run to assume providing care and attention to help you a grown-up patient that have schizophrenia versus. the individuals bringing take care of grownups which have a disorder apart from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia caregivers have Biracial dating sites been matched to non-caregiver or other caregiver respondents on propensity rating utilizing the “greedy” complimentary formula . A-1:dos complimentary ratio was accompanied, per schizophrenia caregiver was matched so you’re able to one or two low-caregiver control respondents and you will by themselves in order to several caregivers off other requirements. Post-suits, differences when considering such organizations was re also-checked-out to confirm sufficient coordinating. And additionally, the new complimentary try constrained in order for all the fits was basically inside for each 5EU country.
Differences on HRQoL, and self-reported comorbidities were examined post-matching to quantify the burden of schizophrenia caregiving as a function of humanistic outcomes. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to test for statistical differences across i) those providing care for an adult relative with schizophrenia vs. those not providing care for an adult relative and ii) those providing care for an adult relative with schizophrenia vs. those providing care for an adult relative with a condition other than schizophrenia. Statistical significance was set at 2-tailed p <0.05.
Results
A maximum of 398 schizophrenia caregivers, 158,989 non-caregivers controls and you may fourteen,341 caregivers out-of most other requirements was indeed known via 5EU NHWS across the 2010, 2011 and you may 2013. Within complete test off 173,728 people along side 5EU, twenty five.cuatro % was indeed from inside the France, 25.3 % in Germany, twenty five.six % in the united kingdom, fourteen.0 % into the Italy, and you will 9.six % into the Spain.
Schizophrenia caregivers compared to. non-caregivers
The average age of schizophrenia caregivers was 45.3 years (SD = 15.8 years), 59.6 % were female, 52.5 % were currently employed, and 14.8 % reported an income of ? ˆ50,000/??40,000. Before matching, schizophrenia caregivers compared with non-caregivers, were more likely to be female (59.6 % vs. 51.4 %), less likely to be married/living with partner (57.4 % vs. 62.8 %), reported lower annual household income, were less likely to be employed (52.5 % vs. 57.7 %), more likely to currently smoke (36.7 % vs. 26.1 %), and reported greater comorbidity burden via the CCI, all p <0.05. No statistically significant differences on age, education level, BMI, alcohol use, and exercise behaviors were found between the two groups (see Table 1).
After propensity matching, schizophrenia caregivers were more likely to report experiencing sleep difficulties (42.7 % vs. 28.5 %), insomnia (32.4 % vs. 18.5 %), pain (39.7 % vs. 30.4 %), headaches (48.0 % vs. 42.0 %), heartburn (31.7 % vs. 22.9 %), anxiety (37.9 % vs. 23.6 %), and depression (29.4 % vs. 19.4 %) in the past 12 months than non-caregivers, all p <0.05. Based on the PHQ-9, schizophrenia caregivers reported greater severity of depressive symptoms than non-caregivers (p <0.001). Schizophrenia caregivers were also more likely to currently be using a prescription medication to treat depression (17.6 % vs. 8.2 %, p <0.001) than non-caregiver controls. Schizophrenia caregivers reported significantly lower MCS (40.3 vs. 45.9), PCS (46.8 vs. 49.0), and health utility (0.64 vs. 0.71), compared with non-caregivers (all p <0.001) (see Table 2).
Schizophrenia compared to. most other caregivers
Before propensity matching, schizophrenia caregivers compared with caregivers of other conditions, were younger (45.3 vs. 49.1 years), less likely to be married/living with a partner (57.4 % vs. 68.1 %), had lower annual household income, were more likely to currently smoke (36.7 % vs. 29.2 %), and reported greater comorbidity burden, all p <0.05. No statistically significant differences on gender, education level, employment status, BMI, alcohol use, and exercise behaviors were found between the two groups (see Table 3).